Anatomy of Computers
The Computer mainly consists the functions input, process, output and storage.
· Input unit
· CPU(Control unit, Main Memory and ALU)
· Output unit,
· Secondary Storage unit
1. Input: This is the process of entering data and programs in to the computer system. Therefore, the input unit takes data from us to the computer in an organized manner for processing through an input device such as keyboard, mouse, MICR, OCR, Etc.,
2. Main Memory: It is also known as internal memory. It is very fast in operation. It is used to store data and instructions. Data has to be fed into the system before the actual processing starts. It contains a part of the operating system Software, one or more execution programs being executed, the data being processed and required by the programs for execution , and processed data awaiting output.
3. Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information. Similarly the output produced by the computer after processing must also be kept somewhere inside the computer before being given to you in human readable form through the screen or printer. Again the output is also stored inside the computer for further processing.
4. Control Unit (CU) : The next component of computer is the Control Unit, which acts like the supervisor seeing that things are done in proper fashion. Control Unit is responsible for co-ordinating various operations using time signal. The control unit determines the sequence in which computer programs and instructions are executed. Things like processing of programs stored in the main memory, interpretation of the instructions and issuing of signals for other units of the computer to execute them. It also acts as a switch board operator when several users access the computer simultaneously. Thereby it coordinates the activities of computer’s peripheral equipment as they perform the input and output.
5. Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) : After you enter data through the input device it is stored in the primary storage. The actual processing of the data and instruction are performed by Arithmetic Logical Unit. The major operations performed by the ALU are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and comparison. Data is transferred to ALU from storage unit when required. After processing the output is returned back to storage unit for further processing or getting stored.
6. Secondary storage: It is also known as auxiliary memory. It is closely linked with the main memory. Since main memory can’t be flooded with unwanted data at particular moment, same is stored in auxiliary memory from which desired data is fed to main memory as and when required by it. Thus secondary storage is used to hold mass of information i.e., system software, application programs, cinemas, games and data files. Obviously the capacity of secondary storage is very high compared to main memory. Auxiliary memory usually in the form of Magnetic disk, Magnetic tape, CD’s, Memory cards, Pen drives Etc.,
The Computer mainly consists the functions input, process, output and storage.
· Input unit
· CPU(Control unit, Main Memory and ALU)
· Output unit,
· Secondary Storage unit
1. Input: This is the process of entering data and programs in to the computer system. Therefore, the input unit takes data from us to the computer in an organized manner for processing through an input device such as keyboard, mouse, MICR, OCR, Etc.,
2. Main Memory: It is also known as internal memory. It is very fast in operation. It is used to store data and instructions. Data has to be fed into the system before the actual processing starts. It contains a part of the operating system Software, one or more execution programs being executed, the data being processed and required by the programs for execution , and processed data awaiting output.
3. Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information. Similarly the output produced by the computer after processing must also be kept somewhere inside the computer before being given to you in human readable form through the screen or printer. Again the output is also stored inside the computer for further processing.
4. Control Unit (CU) : The next component of computer is the Control Unit, which acts like the supervisor seeing that things are done in proper fashion. Control Unit is responsible for co-ordinating various operations using time signal. The control unit determines the sequence in which computer programs and instructions are executed. Things like processing of programs stored in the main memory, interpretation of the instructions and issuing of signals for other units of the computer to execute them. It also acts as a switch board operator when several users access the computer simultaneously. Thereby it coordinates the activities of computer’s peripheral equipment as they perform the input and output.
5. Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) : After you enter data through the input device it is stored in the primary storage. The actual processing of the data and instruction are performed by Arithmetic Logical Unit. The major operations performed by the ALU are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and comparison. Data is transferred to ALU from storage unit when required. After processing the output is returned back to storage unit for further processing or getting stored.
6. Secondary storage: It is also known as auxiliary memory. It is closely linked with the main memory. Since main memory can’t be flooded with unwanted data at particular moment, same is stored in auxiliary memory from which desired data is fed to main memory as and when required by it. Thus secondary storage is used to hold mass of information i.e., system software, application programs, cinemas, games and data files. Obviously the capacity of secondary storage is very high compared to main memory. Auxiliary memory usually in the form of Magnetic disk, Magnetic tape, CD’s, Memory cards, Pen drives Etc.,
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