Nibba group

 The RTT Problem

In all three of the preceding graphs (16.3.6 Phase Effects and overhead, 16.3.7 Phase Effects and telnet trafficand16.3.8 over head versustel net),thegreencurvesonthegraphsappeartoshowthat,oncesufficient randomizationhasbeenintroducedtodisruptphaseeffects,ratio1convergesto1.0. This,however,isinfact an artifact, due to the second flaw in our simulated network: RTT is not very constant. While RTT noLoad for the A–D link is about 220 ms, queuing delays at R (with queuesize = 20) can almost double that by adding up to 20ˆ10 ms = 200 ms. This means that the computed values for RTTratio are too large, and the computed values for ratio1 are thus too small. While one approach to address this problem is to keep careful track of RTTactual, a simpler strategy is to create a simulated network in which the queuing delay is small compared to the propagation delay and so the RTT is relatively constant. We turn to this next.

Raising the Bandwidth

In modern high-bandwidth networks, queuing delays tend to be small compared to the propagation delay; see 13.7 TCP and Bottleneck Link Utilization. To simulate such a network here, we simply increase the bandwidthofallthelinkstenfold,whileleavingtheexistingpropagationdelaysthesame. Weachievethisby setting bottle neckBW = 8.0 instead of 0.8. This makes the A–D RTT no Load equal to about 221 ms; queuing delays can now amount to at most an additional 20 ms. The value of overhead also needs to be scaled down by a factor of 10, to 0.002 sec, to reflect an average delay in the same range as the bottleneck-link packet transmission time. HereisagraphofresultsforbottleneckBW=8.0,time=3000, overhead=0.002 and queuesize=20. We still use 220 ms as the estimated RTT, though the actual RTT will range from 221 ms to 241 ms. The delayB parameter runs from 0 to 400 in steps of 1.0.

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